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A model output that sounds confident but is factually wrong or fabricated. Hallucination shows up in citations that do not exist, code that calls invented functions, and policy answers that contradict the source material. RAG, fine-tuning, and post-hoc verification all reduce hallucination rates without eliminating them.
Hallucination is the failure mode that shows up in every production AI incident review. Knowing how to measure it, reduce it, and explain residual risk is part of AI engineering, AI evaluation, and AI policy work.
A model output that sounds confident but is factually wrong or fabricated. Hallucination shows up in citations that do not exist, code that calls invented functions, and policy answers that contradict the source material. RAG, fine-tuning, and post-hoc verification all reduce hallucination rates without eliminating them.
Hallucination is the failure mode that shows up in every production AI incident review. Knowing how to measure it, reduce it, and explain residual risk is part of AI engineering, AI evaluation, and AI policy work.
Definitions are original explanations written for career development purposes. For authoritative technical definitions, refer to NIST, ISO, or the relevant standards body.
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