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The process of taking a pretrained model and continuing to train it on a smaller, more focused dataset to specialize its behavior. Fine-tuning is cheaper than training from scratch and often produces better results on a narrow task than prompting alone. Parameter-efficient methods such as LoRA fine-tune only a small fraction of weights.
Most enterprise AI projects involve some flavor of fine-tuning. Knowing when fine-tuning beats RAG, when it makes things worse, and how to evaluate the result is core to AI engineering practice.
The process of taking a pretrained model and continuing to train it on a smaller, more focused dataset to specialize its behavior. Fine-tuning is cheaper than training from scratch and often produces better results on a narrow task than prompting alone. Parameter-efficient methods such as LoRA fine-tune only a small fraction of weights.
Most enterprise AI projects involve some flavor of fine-tuning. Knowing when fine-tuning beats RAG, when it makes things worse, and how to evaluate the result is core to AI engineering practice.
Definitions are original explanations written for career development purposes. For authoritative technical definitions, refer to NIST, ISO, or the relevant standards body.
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